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Weapons Looted During Libya Conflict Ended Up in Hands of Terrorists in Nigeria — UN

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United Nations Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, Izumi Nakamitsu
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The United Nations has revealed that weapons looted during the 2011 Libyan conflict eventually found their way into the hands of terrorist and extremist groups operating in Nigeria and other countries across the Sahel region, highlighting the long-term security consequences of uncontrolled arms proliferation following armed conflicts.

The disclosure was made by the United Nations Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, Izumi Nakamitsu, during a high-level discussion at the UN Headquarters in New York on the global spread of illicit firearms and their impact on international peace and security.

Nakamitsu warned that the diversion, theft and illegal circulation of weapons from conflict zones continue to fuel violence, terrorism and organised crime long after wars have ended, posing significant challenges to governments and international peacebuilding efforts.

According to her, the 2011 uprising in Libya, which culminated in the overthrow and death of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, triggered the widespread looting of military stockpiles. Many of those weapons subsequently spread across the Sahel region, reaching countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso and Nigeria.

“Libya, where weapons looted or diverted during and after the 2011 conflict, which ended the rule of Muammar Gaddafi, later surfaced across the wider Sahel region, including in Niger, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria,” Nakamitsu stated.

She explained that investigations and recovery efforts over the years showed that some of the weapons were eventually traced to extremist groups operating in the region, demonstrating how arms originating from one conflict can destabilise neighbouring countries for years.

“Some were subsequently found in the hands of extremist groups, illustrating how arms from one conflict can destabilise neighbouring countries years later,” she said.

“The end of the conflict does not mean the end of the circulation of those weapons; it stays, and it continues to harm people.”

Growing Threat to Regional Security

The UN disarmament chief stressed that the continued movement of illicit firearms remains one of the most serious threats to peace and stability in fragile states and conflict-affected regions.

She noted that weapons retained by armed groups, militias and local communities after conflicts often become instruments for renewed violence, criminal activity and insurgency.

According to Nakamitsu, the availability of illegal weapons has contributed significantly to the activities of terrorist organisations, bandit groups and transnational criminal networks operating across the Sahel and West Africa.

The region has witnessed increasing insecurity over the past decade, with extremist groups exploiting porous borders and weak governance structures to move weapons, fighters and resources across countries.

Beyond Security Concerns

Nakamitsu emphasised that the proliferation of small arms and light weapons is not merely a military or security issue but one with far-reaching humanitarian and developmental consequences.

She said the widespread availability of illicit firearms is closely linked to terrorism, human rights abuses, organised crime, forced displacement, gender-based violence and the erosion of state authority.

“It is not just a security issue. It is also about peacebuilding. It is about human rights. It is also about development,” she said.

The UN official argued that efforts to tackle illicit arms trafficking must therefore form part of broader strategies aimed at promoting peace, protecting human rights and fostering sustainable development.

Weapons Continue to Circulate After Wars

Highlighting a major challenge facing governments and international organisations, Nakamitsu noted that weapons used during conflicts frequently remain outside official control after hostilities end.

She explained that many firearms are hidden, sold on black markets or smuggled across borders, making them available for use in new conflicts and criminal enterprises.

“Wars end, but unfortunately, the weapons that are used in that particular conflict would not be under full control,” she said.

“They continue to circulate. They are sometimes hidden. They are brought across borders.”

Security analysts have long linked the influx of weapons from post-Gaddafi Libya to the rise in armed insurgencies, terrorism and banditry across the Sahel. The collapse of state institutions in Libya created vast ungoverned spaces that became major transit routes for arms trafficking networks.

Emerging Challenges in Arms Trafficking

Nakamitsu also warned that technological advancements are creating new challenges for law enforcement agencies seeking to combat illicit arms trafficking.

She pointed to the growing emergence of so-called “ghost guns,” 3D-printed firearms and sophisticated smuggling methods that make tracing illegal weapons increasingly difficult.

According to her, traffickers are now able to disassemble firearms into separate components, transport them across borders and reassemble them later, complicating efforts to identify their origins and track their movement.

“Those weapons or weapon parts, if they are disassembled and then trafficked, are more difficult to trace,” she said.

UN Calls for Stronger International Action

The United Nations has repeatedly raised concerns over the unchecked proliferation of small arms and light weapons in the Sahel region, warning that the trend continues to fuel terrorism, armed conflict, organised crime and political instability.

The organisation has consistently urged governments to strengthen border controls, improve weapons stockpile management, enhance intelligence-sharing and deepen regional cooperation to curb illicit arms flows.

Nakamitsu reiterated the need for coordinated international action to prevent weapons from conflict zones from entering illegal markets and falling into the hands of non-state actors.

Her remarks underscore growing global concerns that unresolved conflicts and weak post-war disarmament measures can have lasting consequences, allowing weapons to circulate for years and threaten peace and security far beyond the original battlefield.

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Defence and Security

Troops Foil Mass Abduction in Borno, Rescue 119 Hostages, Recover Eight Vehicles

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Troops of the Nigerian Army have reportedly foiled a mass abduction attempt by suspected terrorists in Borno State, rescuing 119 civilians, including women and children, and recovering eight vehicles seized during the attack.

The successful operation followed a swift military response to the activities of armed terrorists who barricaded the Dutsen Kura–Bulazarma–Kamuya road, intercepting travellers and abducting civilians.

According to counter-insurgency publication Zagazola Makama, the rescue operation was carried out on Friday by troops of the 135 Special Forces Battalion, operating under the 27 Task Force Brigade, Sector 2, during a routine surveillance mission along the strategic route.

The troops reportedly detected a group of terrorists mounting an illegal roadblock and forcibly abducting motorists and passengers alongside their vehicles.

Following the discovery, the military immediately mobilised the Special Forces Quick Reaction Force (QRF) of the battalion, reinforced by another response team from the headquarters of the 27 Task Force Brigade.

The combined forces advanced through the Mangari–Dora axis, launching a pursuit of the terrorists in a coordinated operation aimed at rescuing the abducted civilians.

Faced with the advancing troops, the terrorists reportedly abandoned their captives and seized vehicles before fleeing the area.

The military operation resulted in the rescue of 119 civilians, comprising 69 men, 35 women and 15 children, while eight vehicles were successfully recovered.

The rescued victims were subsequently reunited with their families.

Meanwhile, during the troops’ withdrawal from the operational area, an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) was discovered around the Bam Buratai Junction–Bula Zarma axis.

An Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) team was immediately deployed to the location, where the suspected explosive device was identified, marked and secured for safe disposal.

The operation highlights the continuing efforts of Nigerian troops to counter terrorist activities, protect vulnerable communities and secure major transportation routes in the North-East.

Military operations remain ongoing across Borno State and other parts of the North-East as security forces intensify efforts to disrupt terrorist movements, prevent abductions and restore safety along vulnerable highways.

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State Police: NASS Targets December 2026 for Final Legislative Process — Bamidele

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Senate Leader, Senator Michael Opeyemi Bamidele
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Senate Leader, Senator Opeyemi Bamidele, says 30 states have endorsed constitutional amendment, insists reform will strengthen community security as he urges lawmakers to measure legislative performance by impact on citizens

The establishment of state police in Nigeria has moved closer to reality, with at least 30 state Houses of Assembly approving the proposed constitutional amendment, Senate Leader, Senator Opeyemi Bamidele, has declared, announcing that the National Assembly is targeting December 2026 to complete the remaining legislative processes and transmit the bill to President Bola Tinubu for assent.

Bamidele, who is also Vice Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Review of the 1999 Constitution, described the development as a historic breakthrough in the country’s efforts to restructure its security architecture, improve intelligence gathering and establish a policing system that responds more effectively to the security needs of local communities.

He disclosed this on Thursday while delivering a lecture to participants of Senior Executive Course 48 at the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, Jos, Plateau State.

The lecture, titled “Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Governance through Proactive Lawmaking,” examined the role of strategic legislation in strengthening public institutions, improving national security and promoting effective governance.

According to the Senate Leader, the approval of the State Police Constitution Alteration Bill, 2026, by at least 30 state assemblies has satisfied the constitutional requirement for state-level concurrence, paving the way for the National Assembly to complete the next stages of the amendment process.

He explained that Section 9(2) of the 1999 Constitution, as amended, requires the approval of not less than two-thirds of all State Houses of Assembly for a constitutional alteration of this nature.

“We are pleased to inform our constituents across the federation that State Police have moved from rhetoric to reality. We have already received formal reports from the State Houses of Assembly and, as of today, no fewer than 30 states have approved the State Police Constitution Alteration Bill, 2026,” Bamidele said.

He added that the National Assembly was now required to consider and collate the reports submitted by the state assemblies before passing the necessary resolution by a simple majority of members in each chamber.

Once that stage is completed, he said, the bill would be transmitted to the President and Commander-in-Chief for assent.

“We have set a clear timeline for ourselves. We intend to conclude all these legislative stages — consideration of reports, passage of resolution, and transmission for presidential assent — on or before December 2026,” he stated.

Bamidele stressed that the development marked a significant departure from more than 15 years of unsuccessful attempts to establish state police through constitutional reform.

“What this means is that State Police is no longer a campaign promise or a subject of endless debate. It is now a constitutional reality. It means that the security of lives, private property and public assets occupies a prime place in the legislative agenda of the 10th National Assembly,” he said.

He maintained that decentralising policing would enable Nigeria to develop a system better equipped to understand local terrain, communicate in indigenous languages, respond to community-specific security threats and improve accountability to the people.

The Senate Leader, however, clarified that the proposed reform was not designed to weaken the Federal Government or undermine national unity, but to strengthen Nigeria’s federal structure through a more responsive security framework.

According to him, state police would not amount to the creation of state armies, but would provide state-led, community-anchored policing within clearly defined constitutional safeguards, operational standards, oversight mechanisms and human rights protections.

He assured Nigerians that the National Assembly, under the leadership of Senate President Godswill Akpabio, remained committed to completing the legislative process.

“The National Assembly remains committed to delivering on the establishment of State Police. We will not falter until every Nigerian, whether in Kuru, in Iyin-Ekiti, in Gusau or in Yenagoa, can sleep with both eyes closed,” Bamidele said.

10th NASS Prioritises People-Centred Legislation

Beyond security sector reform, Bamidele said the 10th National Assembly had prioritised strategic, people-oriented legislation designed to address critical national challenges and improve the welfare of citizens.

He argued that the effectiveness of a legislature should not be determined merely by the number of bills introduced or passed, but by the tangible difference its interventions make in the lives of Nigerians.

According to him, the National Assembly has enacted several laws addressing education financing, workers’ welfare, taxation, social investment, electoral administration, cybersecurity, investment regulation, insurance and regional development.

Among the legislations he highlighted were the Student Loans (Access to Higher Education) Act, 2024; the Minimum Wage (Amendment) Act, 2024; the four Tax Reform Acts of 2025; and the National Social Investment Programme Act.

Others include the Electoral Act, 2026; the Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act; the Investments and Securities Act, 2025; the Nigerian Insurance Industry Reform Act, 2024; and the laws establishing regional development commissions.

He said these legislative interventions reflected a proactive approach to governance, in which lawmakers anticipate emerging challenges, address institutional weaknesses and establish legal frameworks capable of supporting sustainable development.

Bamidele explained that proactive lawmaking could strengthen national security, drive economic transformation, improve public financial management, enhance electoral credibility and expand opportunities in education, healthcare and technological innovation.

He added that effective legislation could also promote environmental sustainability and improve relations between the different tiers of government.

Good Laws Alone Cannot Guarantee Good Governance

The Senate Leader cautioned that passing legislation was only one component of effective governance, stressing that laws must be properly implemented, adequately funded and regularly evaluated to deliver meaningful outcomes.

He observed that some laws could fail to achieve their objectives when they were disconnected from prevailing realities, inadequately funded or poorly administered.

“Good governance requires good laws. But good laws alone do not guarantee good governance. We require laws that are relevant, evidence-based, implementable, adequately funded, properly administered, effectively monitored, periodically reviewed and ultimately measured by their impact on citizens,” he said.

He therefore urged lawmakers and public institutions to adopt a performance-driven approach that places citizens’ welfare and measurable development outcomes at the centre of legislative activities.

According to him, the true value of lawmaking lies not simply in the passage of bills, but in the extent to which legislation resolves societal problems, strengthens institutions and improves the quality of life of the people.

Bamidele Seeks Stronger NIPSS-NASS Collaboration

Bamidele also called for stronger institutional collaboration between the National Assembly and NIPSS to improve legislative foresight, policy development and strategic decision-making.

He described the institute as a critical national institution with the capacity to bring together expertise from the public service, military, private sector, academia and other strategic sectors.

He noted that the multidisciplinary structure of the Senior Executive Course, which covers policy, strategy, leadership, economics, international relations, security, science and technology, as well as peace and conflict studies, positioned NIPSS to contribute meaningfully to the development of effective legislation.

He encouraged the institute to deepen its engagement with the National Assembly by providing research, policy analysis and strategic insights that could help lawmakers anticipate emerging challenges and develop evidence-based legislative responses.

The lecture was attended by the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Employment, Labour and Productivity, Senator Diket Plang; Chairman of the Senate Committee on Tourism, Senator Pam Dachungyang; Director-General of NIPSS, Professor Ayo Omotayo; and former President of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers, Mr. Adekunle Alonge.

The proposed state police framework remains a major component of Nigeria’s ongoing constitutional review process, with its anticipated completion expected to shape future debates on policing responsibilities, public safety and the country’s broader security architecture.

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Defence and Security

State Police Nearer as 30 States Endorse Constitutional Amendment — Akpabio

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President of the Senate, Godswill Akpabio, has disclosed that about 30 state Houses of Assembly have endorsed the proposed constitutional amendment to establish state police, expressing optimism that Nigeria could adopt a decentralised policing system within weeks to strengthen the fight against insecurity.

Akpabio made the disclosure on Wednesday in Abuja when he received members of the Arewa Revival Project, a northern youth organisation with membership across the 19 northern states. He said the proposed reform would bring policing closer to communities, improve responses to local security threats and complement existing security structures.

“As I speak with you now, for the first time in the history of Nigeria, it may not take us a month before we have a state police system,” Akpabio said, adding that about 30 states had endorsed the constitutional amendment. His projection comes as the country continues to grapple with security challenges requiring stronger coordination and more effective law enforcement.

The Senate President expressed confidence that Nigeria would overcome its security difficulties, urging the youth to remain hopeful about the country’s future and support efforts to restore peace and stability. He maintained that decentralised policing could enhance the capacity of security agencies to tackle threats within their respective communities.

Akpabio also urged the visiting northern youths to mobilise grassroots support for President Bola Tinubu ahead of the 2027 presidential election, arguing that continuity would allow the administration’s economic and security policies to mature. He credited the government with pursuing economic diversification and tax reforms, while urging young Nigerians to counter what he described as paid social media propaganda against the administration.

He further alleged that some individuals criticising the President and his supporters online were being paid, advising the youths to organise periodic grassroots engagements to explain government policies and address misinformation rather than engage continuously in online exchanges.

Akpabio maintained that the administration needed time to consolidate its policies, expressing confidence that ongoing reforms would contribute to Nigeria’s stability and future development. However, the proposed state police system remains subject to the completion of the constitutional amendment process and the necessary legislative approvals.

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